What is green energy: sources, benefits and uses

In the last 20-25 years, the concept of green energy has received significant global attention, becoming a key topic in discussions on sustainable development and climate change. But what is green energy? Green energy refers to energy that is generated from natural, naturally replenishing sources with minimal environmental impact. Unlike fossil fuels, green energy sources do not emit harmful pollutants or greenhouse gases, making them an important component in the global effort to reduce our carbon footprint.

What is green energy and from which sources

Solar energy - harness the power of the sun through photovoltaic (PV) panels that convert sunlight directly into electricity. It is captured in PV parks or by solar panels on the roofs of houses. It is a versatile and abundant source, making it one of the most popular forms of green energy.

Wind energy - is captured by wind turbines that convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy, which can then be converted into electricity. Offshore and onshore wind farms contribute significantly to the global supply of green energy.

Hydropower - uses water flowing in rivers or dams to generate electricity. When we define green energy, we understand that water power is one of the oldest and most widely used forms of green energy and remains a major source of renewable energy.

Geothermal energy - exploits natural heat stored beneath the Earth's surface. By tapping into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water, geothermal installations can generate electricity and provide heating.

Biomass energy - comes from organic materials such as plant and animal waste. When burned, these materials release energy that can be used to produce electricity or heat.

Tidal and wave energy - harness the power of ocean tides and waves. By converting the kinetic energy of water motion into electricity, tidal and wave energy systems provide a reliable and predictable source of green energy.

The benefits of green energy

When we talk about what green energy is, we need to look at the benefits it brings to both the environment and society. One of the most significant benefits of green energy is its minimal impact on the environment. Unlike fossil fuels, green energy sources do not produce harmful emissions that contribute to air pollution and climate change.

Over time, the clean energy sector has also become an important driver of global economic growth. The construction and maintenance of renewable energy installations, such as photovoltaic parks and wind turbines, generates jobs and boosts local economies.

By reducing air pollution, green energy improves people's health. Burning fossil fuels releases pollutants that can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Talking about what green energy is, we need to understand that the transition to clean energy sources helps minimize these health risks.

What is green energy - Uses

Generating electricity - Solar and wind energy are mainly used to generate electricity. They can power homes, businesses and public facilities, providing a clean alternative to traditional power plants.

Transportation - Biofuels are used as an alternative to gasoline and diesel in transportation. Electric vehicles (EVs) powered by renewable electricity also contribute to greener transportation.

Industrial processes - Solar thermal systems can generate steam for industrial heating, while wind and solar power can run machinery in manufacturing plants.

National regulations on green energy

Having learned what green energy is and how to use it, let's have a look at the national regulations. Starting with 2003, in Romania, for the production and promotion of renewable energy production, the main legal norms concerning these activities have been issued:

- HG 443/2003, related to the promotion of renewable electricity production, establishes the amount that this type of energy must represent the gross national energy consumption;

- HG 1535/2003 concerns the approval of the strategy for valorization of green energy sources;

- HG 1892/2004 establishes the methods for promoting green energy, introducing green certificates and the mandatory quota system;

- HG 14229/2004 regulates the certification of sources used for the production of renewable energy.

- OG 22/2008 lays down measures to promote the use of green energy among final consumers;

- HG 750/ 2008 concerns the financing granted to economic agents for the initial investment in this field, supplemented by HG no. 1661/ 2008, for the promotion of the use of green energy at the level of local administrations.

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